Any foreigner — not specifically American.
In Brazil a gringo is any non-Brazilian, including Argentines and Europeans. Usually neutral or teasing rather than hostile.
In Mexico "gringo" means specifically an American and can carry more edge. In Brazil it is broader and lighter.
Reading a definition isn't the same as saying it to someone. Lingo Kaiava is a voice tutor set to Brazilian Portuguese — it uses gringo the way locals do, corrects you in the moment, and never "fixes" the way real people actually talk into textbook Brazilian Portuguese.
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